Praktik intelijen mesti berlomba dengan waktu untuk memperoleh informasi yang dirasa cukup untuk mencegah terjadinya ancaman. Variabel kesahihan informasi intelijen tidak hanya keakuratan, melainkan juga kecepatan. Artinya penarikan kesimpulan tidak perlu mengandalkan bukti-bukti yang lengkap, melainkan informasi yang paling sedikit mengandung asumsi.
[9] Hal utama yang perlu diperhatikan dalam reformasi intelijen adalah mengubah paradigma intelijen dari alat penguasa dengan kewenangan dan kekuasaan yang tak terbatas menjadi intelijen sebagai organisasi atau producer
Data sekunder juga dikumpulkan dari berbagai pihak untuk mengimbangi informasi baik dari berbagai dokumen resmi yang dikeluarkan oleh lembaga intelijen maupun dari luar lembaga intelijen (triangulasi data).
Intelligence as the “initial line of battle” necessitates adaptation to the instances and threats. The orientation in institutional development is on the improvement that synergizes 5 aspects; democracy as well as the rules on the rule of regulation, professionalism, adaptation to technological developments, the opportunity to browse contemporary threats, and transformation of the capabilities furnished by the condition to receive highest benefits.
Abstrak Artikel ini menguji kompleksitas seputar kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh Muslim terhadap komunitas Ahmadiyah di Indonesia di era baru demokrasi reformasi. Kekerasan muncul sejak 1998 pasca Suharto ketika beberapa kelompok Muslim seperti Entrance Pembela Islam (FPI), yang mengklaim bahwa Ahmadiyah adalah kelompok yang sesat menurut ortodoksi Islam. Artikel ini mencoba memahami mengapa dan bagaimana Ahmadiyah menjadi concentrate on serangan kekerasan oleh beberapa kelompok Muslim di period pasca Suharto dengan meningkatnya kelompok fundametalis Islam setelah menemukan kebebasan baru beragama. Dengan demikian, pertanyaan yang muncul adalah bagaimana faktor politik, ekonomi dan teologi Islam muncul sebagai faktor penting yang mengkontribusi atas serangan kekerasan. Melalui identifikasi studi kasus tertentu penyerangan di kota-kota lintas pulau Jawa dan Lombok, saya juga akan mengeksplorasi bagaimana pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk menemukan solusi yang terbaik dan sejauhmana efektifitas kebijakan tersebut untuk menyelesaikan masalah.
Makalah ini berfokus pada isu-isu pemilu setelah period reformasi. Dengan mempelajari literatur yang ada sebagai bahan perbandingan antara pemilu ke pemilu.
Jika terjadi kesalahan perintah oleh user maka yang seharusnya bertanggung jawab untuk ditindak secara hukum adalah pemberi perintah operasi.
State Administrative: This court docket is set up by advantage of Regulation No. eight of 1986 on Point out Administrative Court, as Finally amended by Legislation No. fifty one of 2009. It's the Discussion board to obstacle public administrative decree, and that is defined to be a created conclusion issued by a entire body or Formal of public administration, which includes an act of community administration dependant on the prevailing regulations and laws, which happens to be concrete (or specified), unique, and final, which brings legal implications to someone or possibly a civil authorized entity.
On 17 November 1952, Common Nasution was suspended as Military chief of staff adhering to army indiscipline over command and help that threatens the government. From the 1950s, the armed service articulated the doctrines of dwifungsi and hankamrata, the navy roles inside the country's socio-political enhancement and also stability; along with a prerequisite which the methods of the persons be at the call on the armed forces and law enforcement if the State warrants it.
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Theoretically, the sort of Intelligence-Point out conversation shaped in this period is “Political Intelligence.” Even all through 1950-1959, Indonesian intelligence actions did not receive much attention as a result of comparatively volatile political conditions. After the Republic of Indonesia was officially regarded on August 15, 1950, the intelligence agencies in Indonesia were reactivated. Indonesia needed to direct intelligence functions to cope with internal threats. However, the dominance of militarization during the prior period resulted in the construction of political intelligence only in 1958 when Sukarno formed BKI, which was later modified to BPI.
It could be the merger from the TNI and the previous KNIL and all military staff of The 2 forces, moreover the independent paramilitary teams (laskar) which fought the war within the side of the independence movement.
Reformasi intelijen harus dapat menyentuh lini yang telah disebutkan dan mampu memperkuat dan mempertegas aspek-aspek tersebut.
From the late sixties to 1970s when BIN was nonetheless known as BAKIN, Colonel Nicklany who At the moment served as head of deputy II of BAKIN, asked for enable in the CIA, MI6, and MOSSAD to educate a fresh BAKIN unit termed Satsus Intel (satuan khusus intelijen/Specific intelligence unit) which was tasked with managing international counterintelligence, particularly catching foreign spies functioning in Indonesia Specifically from communist nations, even though Indonesia does not have diplomatic relations with Israel, Nicklany didn't care relating to this and mentioned: "We're going to bring in these Israeli instructors mainly because they are the most beneficial in world," In keeping with Israeli officials interviewed in 2007.[20]